Relative, Absolute and Mixed References
Calling
cells by
just their column and
row
labels (such as "A1")
is called relative
referencing.
When a formula contains relative referencing and it is copied from one
cell to another, Excel does not create an exact copy of the formula. It will change cell addresses relative to the row and column they are moved to.
For example, if a simple addition formula in cell
C1 "=(A1+B1)" is copied to cell C2, the formula would change to "=(A2+B2)"
to reflect the new row. To prevent this
change, cells must
be
called by absolute referencing and this is accomplished by
placing dollar signs "$" within the cell
addresses in the formula. Continuing the previous example, the formula in cell C1 would read "=($A$1+$B$1)"
if the value
of cell
C2 should be the sum of cells A1 and B1. Both the column and row of both cells are absolute and will
not change when copied. Mixed
referencing can also be used
where only the row OR column fixed.
For example,
in
the formula "=(A$1+$B2)", the
row of cell A1 is fixed
and
the column of cell B2
is fixed.
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